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Heart
Condition
Heart diseases include Blood vessel diseases, such as coronary artery disease. Irregular heartbeats (arrhythmias) Heart problems you’re born with (congenital heart defects) Disease of the heart muscle.
Chest Pain Treatment
Medicines used to treat some of the most common causes of chest pain include Artery relaxers. Nitroglycerin — usually taken as a tablet under the tongue — relaxes heart arteries so blood can flow more easily through the narrowed spaces. Some blood pressure medicines also relax and widen blood vessels.
Myocardial Infarction
A blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle.
A heart attack is a medical emergency. A heart attack usually occurs when a blood clot blocks blood flow to the heart. Without blood, tissue loses oxygen and dies.
Symptoms include tightness or pain in the chest, neck, back, or arms, as well as fatigue, lightheadedness, abnormal heartbeat, and anxiety. Women are more likely to have atypical symptoms than men.
Treatment ranges from lifestyle changes and cardiac rehabilitation to medication, stents, and bypass surgery.
Chronic Angina
Chronic angina is a prevalent manifestation of cardiovascular disease and is most commonly due to insufficient oxygen supply from fixed epicardial lesions in the coronary arteries.
Heart Failure
A chronic condition in which the heart doesn’t pump blood as well as it should.
Heart failure can occur if the heart cannot pump (systolic) or fill (diastolic) adequately.
Symptoms include shortness of breath, fatigue, swollen legs, and rapid heartbeat.
Treatments can include eating less salt, limiting fluid intake, and taking prescription medication. In some cases, a defibrillator or pacemaker may be implanted.
Arrhythmias
The improper beating of the heart, whether irregular, too fast, or too slow.
A cardiac arrhythmia occurs when electrical impulses in the heart don’t work properly.
There may be no symptoms. Alternatively, symptoms may include a fluttering in the chest, chest pain, fainting, or dizziness.
If required, treatment includes anti-arrhythmic drugs, medical procedures, implantable devices, and surgery.
Valvular heart diseases
Valvular heart disease is when any valve in the heart has damage or is diseased. There are several causes of valve disease. The normal heart has four chambers (right and left atria, and right and left ventricles) and four valves
Aortic
Stenosis
Narrowing of the valve in the large blood vessel branching off the heart (aorta).
This narrowing keeps the valve from opening fully, reducing blood flow to the body and making the heart work harder.
The heart may weaken, causing chest pain, fatigue and shortness of breath.
Mild cases may not need treatment. In severe cases, surgery can repair or replace the valve.
Aortic Regurgitation
Aortic regurgitation is the inadequate closure of the aortic valve during diastole that results in reverse blood flow through the aortic valve. This condition can occur as a native valvular disease or as a result of aortic root dilatation.
Cath
studies
Cardiac catheterization, also known as cardiac cath or heart catheterization, is a medical procedure used to diagnose and treat some heart conditions. It lets doctors take a close look at the heart to identify problems and to perform other tests or procedures.
Mitral Regurgitation
A backflow of blood caused by failure of the heart’s mitral valve to close tightly.
Mitral valve regurgitation is a condition in which the heart’s mitral valve doesn’t close tightly, which allows blood to flow backward in the heart.
Symptoms include shortness of breath, fatigue, lightheadedness, and a rapid, fluttering heartbeat.
Some people may not need treatment. More severe cases may require medication, such as diuretics and blood thinners, or surgery.
Congenital heart disease
Congenital heart disease is a general term for a range of birth defects that affect the normal way the heart works. The term “congenital” means the condition is present from birth. Congenital heart disease is one of the most common types of birth defect
Hypertension
A condition in which the force of the blood against the artery walls is too high.
Usually, hypertension is defined as blood pressure above 140/90 and is considered severe if the pressure is above 180/120.
High blood pressure often has no symptoms. Over time, if untreated, it can cause health conditions, such as heart disease and stroke.
Eating a healthier diet with less salt, exercising regularly, and taking medication can help lower blood pressure
Diabetes
Diabetes is a chronic, metabolic disease characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose (or blood sugar), which leads over time to serious damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves.
Mitral Stenosis
Mitral stenosis is the narrowing of the mitral valve, which is the heart valve that controls the flow of blood from the heart’s left atrium to the left ventricle.
Angiography
Angiography or arteriography is a medical imaging technique used to visualize the inside, or lumen, of blood vessels and organs of the body, with particular interest in the arteries, veins, and heart chambers.
Stenting
Stenting is a minimally invasive procedure, meaning it is not considered major surgery. Stents can be made of metal mesh, fabric, silicone, or a combination of materials. Stents used for coronary arteries are made of metal mesh. Fabric stents, also called stent grafts, are used in larger arteries such as the aorta. Stents used in the airways of the lungs are often made of silicone.
Pacemakers
An artificial cardiac pacemaker is a medical device, nowadays always implanted, that generates electrical pulses delivered by electrodes to the chambers of the heart, either the upper atria or lower ventricles
ICD
An implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is a device that detects a life-threatening, rapid heartbeat. This abnormal heartbeat is called an arrhythmia. If it occurs, the ICD quickly sends an electrical shock to the heart. The shock changes the rhythm back to normal.
CRTs
Cardiac resynchronization therapy is the insertion of electrodes in the left and right ventricles of the heart, as well as on occasion the right atrium, to treat heart failure by coordinating the function of the left and right ventricles via a pacemaker, a small device inserted into the anterior chest wall
Carotid Stenting
Carotid artery stenting is an endovascular procedure where a stent is deployed within the lumen of the carotid artery to treat the narrowing of the carotid artery and decrease the risk of stroke. It is used to treat narrowing of the carotid artery in high-risk patients, when carotid endarterectomy is considered too risky.
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
A type of high blood pressure that affects arteries in the lungs and in the heart. Pulmonary hypertension affects arteries in the lungs and the right side of the heart. Shortness of breath, dizziness, and chest pressure are symptoms. The condition worsens over time, but medication and oxygen therapy can help lessen symptoms and improve the quality of life
